Trends and Regional Disparities of Brain and Spinal Cord Tumor Across 204 Countries (1990-2021): Global Analysis

Introduction: Among brain tumors, gliomas are the most common type of tumor. More than 1 million Americans are living with a brain tumor. Recent data indicates relative survival rate is only 35.7% for malignant brain tumor. Socio-demographic analysis is essential to estimate burden of disease.

Methods: We estimated incidence, prevalence rate, deaths, annual percentage change (APC) in death rate, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and change in life expectancy. Comparative analysis was conducted based on age, gender, and region.

Results: Data analysis shows slight increase in incidence and prevalence rate by 0.53% and 3.35% respectively. There is no significant change in death rate due to brain and spinal cord tumor is observed. Death rate changed from 3.04 (1990) to 3.06 (2021) however, the highest increase in APC for death rate is observed in Ecuador by 7.06%, while 1.72% decline is estimated in Greenland from 1990 – 2021. Only 0.28% decrease is observed in USA. Morbidities and mortalities are experienced higher in males (Death rate – 3.54 vs 2.62; DALYs rate – 122.96 vs 93.46). Data revealed the highest death rate (18.93) in the age group of 85 – 89 years, followed by 95+ years. European countries showed higher trends, with 4.65 death rate however, African region noted only 1.11 of death rate. East Asia and Pacific has highest change in life expectancy from 68.07 to 76.38 years. North American region has higher life expectancy (77.55 years) however, significant improvement is not occurred in past 30 years

Conclusion : Males and European countries have higher death rate. Despite extensive advancement is medical science, significant change in the life expectancy is not observed. Efforts are required to further delineate the reasons responsible for the higher mortality.