Introduction: A study conducted in 2014 showed the global prevalence of Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) to be 1.1-1.8%, with 3% in Pakistan. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a chronic mental health condition characterized by persistent, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) aimed at reducing the distress caused by these thoughts. This article provides a comprehensive overview of OCD, explaining its history, etiology, symptomology, and coping mechanisms.
Methods: An extensive study was conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases on risk factors of OCD, focusing on “genetic factors”, “neurobiological factors” and “environmental factors”. The search was limited to papers published between the year 2005-2023 and a total of 41 papers were cited. Studies that are related to the topic, available in full text, and written in the English language were included.
Results: After a comprehensive review, it was found that OCD is mostly related to serotonin, glutamate and other neurotransmitter abnormalities. In addition, the importance of genetic and environmental factors were also highlighted. Individuals suffering from depression, phobias and PANDAS are more prone to OCD. This article also covered various treatment methods to cope with OCD.
Conclusion : This article concludes by understanding etiology, comorbidities and treatment options for OCD essential for the management and improved patient outcomes.
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