Introduction: This review explores the historical evolution of neurosurgery in Latin America, from ancient pre-Columbian practices to modern advancements. The study highlights the region’s unique contributions, including sophisticated trepanation techniques, the impact of European colonization on medical knowledge, the establishment of neurosurgical institutions, and the growing influence of women in the field.
Methods: An extensive literature review was conducted, encompassing archaeological, historical, and medical sources. Key references were selected for their academic rigor, covering practices from pre-Columbian trepanation to 21st-century neurosurgical developments.
Results: Findings reveal advanced trepanation techniques in pre-Columbian civilizations, with evidence of high survival rates. European colonization introduced new medical paradigms, blending indigenous and European practices. The 20th century witnessed the formation of neurosurgical societies, specialized training programs, and significant contributions by Latin American pioneers. Women’s participation in neurosurgery has grown substantially, with increasing representation in leadership and research.
Conclusion : The evolution of neurosurgery in Latin America is marked by resilience and innovation. From ancient surgical practices to modern advancements, the region has made notable contributions to the global neurosurgical community. Continued investment in education, research, and equity will ensure its future role in advancing neurosurgical science and practice.
.jpg)
