Introduction: Glioblastoma Multiforme is a dangerously fast-growing tumor emerging in the brain and spinal cord. It only has a 40% survival rate the first year post-diagnosis, with 17% second-year. It is the most common grade 4 tumor with approximately 3.21/100,000 diagnosed. Glioblastoma Multiforme is also 60% more likely in males than females, but since cancer appears with gene alteration, we can measure whether such gene alteration influences sex differences. This Cohort Study examines gender and relevant influence on Gene Alteration of Glioblastoma Multiforme.
Methods: Using the open-access cBioPortal platform and systematic bioinformatic analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas and National Cancer Institute: Genomic Data Commons, we find 610 samples, of which 6 were excluded due to unspecified sex.
Results: The first 10 genes with the highest average gene-alteration frequency were examined carefully. Focusing on these genes: CDKN2A (M: 55.25%, F: 50.24%), CDKN2B (M: 52.47%, F: 48.78%), UBA52P6 (M: 52.16%, F: 48.29%), CDKN2A-AS1 (M: 52.47%, F: 47.80%), EGFR (M: 50.31%, F: 45.85%), ERVFRD-3 (M: 51.54%; F: 44.39%), CDKN2B-AS1 (M: 49.38%, F: 43.90%), EGFR-AS1 (M: 46.60%, F: 42.44%), MTAP (M: 44.44%, F: 39.51%), and TUBB8P1 (M: 41.67%, F: 38.05%). All have the highest average gene alteration frequency, ranging from 38-56%. Although it may seem that males have higher gene-alteration frequency, when compared to females, these aren’t statistically significant (due to p-value >0.05).
Conclusion : Even though males are more likely to develop Glioblastoma Multiforme, gene alteration isn’t statistically significant. As a result, there is an outlying factor that results in Glioblastoma Multiforme at higher rates in males which requires further examination in future studies.
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