Pediatric Spinal Cord Injuries: Epidemiology, Imaging, and Management Strategies

Introduction: Pediatric spinal cord injuries, although rare, can lead to severe, long-term disabilities and require specialized management approaches. Given children's unique spinal anatomy and developmental characteristics, their injury patterns, such as SCIWORA (Spinal Cord Injury Without Radiographic Abnormality), vary significantly from adults. This review focuses on understanding the epidemiology, imaging, and management strategies for pediatric spinal cord injuries to enhance outcomes and safety.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive review of studies from 2010 to 2023, focusing on pediatric spinal cord injuries, including epidemiological data, imaging approaches, and management techniques. Statistical analyses were performed in R and Python, assessing incidence rates, injury types by spinal region, and outcomes across intervention types. MRI and CT imaging data were evaluated for diagnostic precision, and treatment outcomes were categorized by intervention methods.

Results: Our analysis revealed that cervical injuries were the most common (55%), followed by thoracic (15%), thoracolumbar junction (15%), and lumbosacral (15%). SCIWORA was prevalent, especially in younger patients, underscoring the need for MRI in pediatric cases. Surgical intervention was necessary in cases with neurological impairment or spinal instability. Immobilization with cervical collars or spinal precautions was effective in initial management, while surgical intervention showed positive outcomes in cases with significant instability. Rehabilitation played a vital role in improving functional outcomes and quality of life.

Conclusion : Pediatric spinal cord injuries present unique challenges due to anatomical and developmental factors. Early diagnosis with MRI, appropriate immobilization, and, if necessary, surgical intervention are crucial for effective management. Further research and tailored management protocols are essential to optimize recovery and improve the long-term prognosis for affected children.